Hindwing translucent white with gray veins and shading at. These strains constitute the active ingredients of the biological insecticides virex and spexit and were produced on insect colonies from. Moreover, spodoptera exigua penetrates as an uncommon migrant far north and was found for example in germany many times. Is emamectin benzoate effective against the different stages of. In the 4th and 5th larval instars, prepupae, and pupae, the mean survival. The beet armyworm or small mottled willow moth spodoptera exigua is one of the bestknown agricultural pest insects. Archives of phytopathology and plant protection 32. Noctuidae, is an important agriculture pest in china that causes serious. Developmental control of a lepidopteran pest spodoptera. Noctuidae 2 larva there normally are five instars, although additional instars are sometimes reported. Abstract the insecticidal characteristics of two spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus semnpv strains produced on two different s. Spodoptera exigua spodoptera exigua belongs in the subgroup of spodoptera moths that lack contrasting transverse black, brown, white lines on the forewings. New spodoptera exigua cell lines susceptible tospodoptera exigua nuclear polyhedrosis. Spodoptera exigua wikibooks, open books for an open world.
Abstract the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua hubner lepidoptera. Spodoptera exigua laphegdocuments eppo global database. Microgastrina was first discovered in spodoptera litura f. Noctuidae from four districts of the southern punjab, pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. The beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner lepidoptera. General information about spodoptera exigua lapheg eppo global database. This is a western united states species with coloration totally unlike s.
Ecological backlash is a counterresponse of the ecosystem that causes the managed system to be less manageable than prior to. But some records are also based on passive transport as with agricultural products. Potensi jamur entomopatogen untuk mengendalikan hama ulat grayak spodoptera litura fabricius lepidoptera. Lethal and behavioral effects of insecticides on spodoptera. Beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner lepidoptera. In china it seriously damages many cultivated crops including cabbage, cowpea, soybean, onion, cotton and others, insecticide application is the most practical way to prevent its damages, however, many insecticides have been reported to fail to control s. However, in spodoptera exigua, a seriously polyphagous agricultural pest, only.
Cosmopolitan and polyphagous pest attacking rice, tobacco, tomato, maize, citrus, castor, groundnut, legumes and many other vegetables. Evaluation of melia azedarach as a botanical pesticide. Eggs are deposited in clusters, usually on lower surface of the leaf, near blossom or the tip of the branch. Noctuidae and confirmed to be a new species of microplitis forster in china, is a solitary endoparasitoid of s. Spodoptera exigua is distinguished by a long, thin, curved ampulla, and a rectangular opening at the base of the valve. This species occurs outdoors in the warmer regions of europe, asia, africa and the americas, and in greenhouses in colder climates. Pnw moths spodoptera exigua pacific northwest moths. Because it is a tropical insect, and lacks a diapause mechanism, it can overwinter successfully only in warm areas or in greenhouses. Beet armyworm occasionally bears a spot laterally, but if present it occurs on the mesothorax, not on the first abdominal segment. Mitochondrial dna phylogeography of spodoptera exigua across a. A manual of the insects of the hawaiian islands, including enumeration of the species and notes on the origin, distribution, hosts, parasites, etc.
Spodoptera exigua synonyms, spodoptera exigua antonyms. Sex pheromone components of the beet armyworm, spodoptera. Unfortunately, genetic resources for the beet armyworm is extremely scarce. Di antara delapan spesies dari genus spodoptera yang diketahui, ulat grayak s. Key words spodoptera exigua, host plants, consumption rates, feeding and growth indices. It is now found around the world, except for south america. Other species are generally distributed across the new world or the old world pogue 2002. It belongs to family noctuidae, order lepidoptera and commonly called as laddi hulu. Noctuidae merupakan hamal penting karena setiap musim tanam hama ini selalu menyerang pada tanaman bawang merah dan bawang daun. Note round, white orbicular spot with gray dot in the center. Beet armyworm spodoptera, or laphygma, exiqua, an insect of the family noctuidae, a serious pest of cotton, alfalfa, tomatoes, sugar beets, and many other agricultural crops.
Noctuidae to endosulfan, organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides in pakistan. Noctuidae is a polyphagous insect that is distributed worldwide and. Preliminary notes on the parasites of spodoptera exigua huebner lepidoptera. In xentari it took 3 weeks to reach 96% mortality in the highest concentration, while in neemazal ts within 7 to 8 days, 100% mortality was reached in all concentrations table 3.
Black dashes at the base of the forewing are absent. Abstract the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua lepidoptera. Links to species fact sheets spodoptera exigua spodoptera frugiperda spodoptera littoralis spodoptera litura larval diagnosis detailed. Using chitin synthase gene a sechsa as the target gene, which is expressed in the cuticle and tracheae of the lepidopteran pest spodoptera exigua, we showed that the growth and development of s. Duration of the instars under warm summer conditions is reported to be 2. New spodoptera exigua cell lines susceptible tospodoptera exigua nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Project methods cotton lines will be planted in smallscale research plots at the ars, southern insect management research unit simru, stoneville, ms. Insecticidal characteristics of two commercial spodoptera. Spodoptera exigua often very similar but paler dorsally than laterally helicoverpa spp. The beet armyworm is found in many areas of africa, south asia, and north america.
Relationship of flight and reproduction in beet armyworm. Resistance of beet armyworm spodoptera exigua lepidoptera. Spodoptera exigua laphegoverview eppo global database. Forewing gray with inconspicuous gray or white markings. New spodoptera exigua cell lines susceptible to spodoptera. Assessment of resistance risk in spodoptera exigua hubner lepidoptera.
In the british isles, where it is an introduced species and not. Arthropod biology feeding and life history of spodoptera. It is also known as the asparagus fern caterpillar. The beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner lepidoptera, noctuidae, is a major. Noctuidae, has become a serious economic pest of vegetables and cotton in recent years across a wide distribution in china jiang and luo, 1998a, jiang and luo, 1999, wang et al. Interspecific interaction between spodoptera exigua. Inheritance, fitness cost, and mechanism of resistance to tebufenozide in spodoptera exigua hubner lepidoptera. Noctuidae is one of the most important insect pests on many crops, and it is distributed worldwide. Jul, 2009 phenotypes of spodoptera exigua after ingestion of bacterially expressed dsrna high bacteria concentration, 250. Juxta with base narrow, ventral margin convex and dorsal process narrow. The roughly 30 species are distributed across six continents. Contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose.
Males and females are similar, and neither shows much color variation. Spodoptera exigua, commonly known as rosquilla verde in spain or gusano soldado in latin america, and beet armyworm in the usa and other. Monitoring of resistance in spodoptera exigua lepidoptera. Spodoptera exigua article about spodoptera exigua by the. Introduction the use of persistent chemical insecticides has often resulted in ecological backlash. Caterpillar numbers will be monitored throughout the season. Arthropod biology feeding and life history of spodoptera exigua lepidoptera. Noctuida e merupakan hama penting karena setiap musim tanam hama ini selalu menyerang pada tanaman bawang merah metchal and flint, 1962. It is also known as the asparagus fern caterpillar, and the adult moth is known in the uk where it is an immigrant and not known to breed as the small mottled willow. Interspecific interaction between spodoptera exigua multiple. In the 4 th and 5 th instars larvae, prepupae, and pupae, the average survival rates of the insects fed on the high dose dssechsacontaining diet were 88. Oct 01, 2012 microplitis bicoloratus chen hymenoptera. Noctuidae, is a widely distributed polyphagous pest. Beet armyworm beet armyworm spodoptera exigua is one of the most destructive polyphagous pest species of worldwide economic importance.
Beet armyworm is a tropical insect, native to southeast asia. To improve these resources we sequenced the transcriptome of s. Feeding and life history of spodoptera exigua lepidoptera. Jun 18, 20 the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, is one of the most serious agricultural pests of vegetable and flower crops in many agricultural areas all over the world.
Taxonomic description of the genus spodoptera lepidoptera. Transcriptome analysis and screening for potential target. Melia azedarach, spodoptera exigua, biopesticide, azadirachta indica, root cambium, root cortex. Nov 22, 2019 beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner, 1808 lepidoptera, noctuidae, and flight dynamics data in the sombor region. Spodoptera exigua, the beet armyworm, is a small pale gray brown noctuid moth fw length 11 16 mm with a fairly nondescript pattern that includes a pale round obicular with a gray to orange central ocellus and translucent white hindwings with a dark veins and dark marginal band at the anterior outer margin. Pale ochreous brown, fore wing with sub basal, ante and post medial double line, indistinct some times. Insecta, holometabola, lepidoptera, noctuidae common names. Spodoptera exigua hiibner, spodoptera latifascia walker, and spodoptera sunia guenee are con sidered economically important pests whereas spodoptera eridania cramer, spodoptera orni thogalli guenbe, and spodoptera dolichos fabri cius are rarely abundant enough to cause serious damage to honduran crops passoa 1983. May 27, 2015 the use of bacillus thuringiensis to control agrotis ypsilon and spodoptera exigua on potato cultivations in egypt. In the 1950s, this pest destroyed young citrus trees and nursery stocks in california, leading to substantial economic losses in approximately 500 acres of citrus areas 2. Beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, is found in the southern half of the united states.
Impact of mass releases of chelonus heliopae gupta and telenomus remus nixon against spodoptera litura fabricius. Oct 26, 2009 spodoptera exigua, commonly known as rosquilla verde in spain or gusano soldado in latin america, and beet armyworm in the usa and other english speaking countries. Monitoring of beet armyworm spodoptera exigua lepidoptera. Beet armyworms occur in warmer regions of the mediterranean countries, north america and africa and invade the cooler northern regions as temperatures permit. Goals objectives the objective of this cooperative research project is to determine the field efficacy, while profiling seasonlong expression, of bt toxins against beet and fall armyworms in transgenic cotton lines using artificial infestations and insect monitoring procedures. Identification and characterization of candidate chemosensory. Life history study of spodoptera exigua to include life stages, identification, ecology, and distribution through field and lab observations. It is native to asia, but has been introduced worldwide and is now found almost anywhere its many host crops are grown. Egg masses from the simrus laboratory colonies of beet and fall armyworms will be artificially dispersed into all plots.
Noctuidae merupakan hama penting pada tanaman bawang di indonesia. Acceptability and suitability of spodoptera exigua hubner for. Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license. Pdf the incubation period of spodoptera exigua hubner was not influenced by the host plant, whereas larval development time and pupal period were. Beet armyworm spodoptera exigua andermatt biocontrol. Keys about fact sheets glossary larval morphology references. Eleven compounds associated with sex attractant activity were isolated from female spodoptera exigua hubner lepidoptera. Dinamikapopulasi spodoptera exigua hubner lepidoptera. Photograph by john capinera, university of florida.
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